Alien and Sedition Acts

During the thirteen months covered by this volume, Thomas Jefferson spent more than half of his time in Philadelphia serving as vice president under President John Adams and presiding over a Senate that was dominated by his political opponents, the Federalists. Debates in Congress took place against a backdrop of bitter partisan rivalry, characterized most famously by the near-brawl on the floor of the House between Matthew Lyon and Roger Griswold. Congress and the nation waited, in a "state of extraordinary suspense, " for dispatches from the American envoys in France. When the accounts of the XYZ Affair became public, the nation prepared for war. Two days after the Alien Friends Act was signed into law Jefferson left for Monticello, stopping at Montpelier to convey the latest news to James Madison. Disheartened and frustrated by the Alien and Sedition Acts, Jefferson penned the famous resolutions adopted in November by the Kentucky legislature. He kept his authorship a secret, however, seeking to avoid any appearance of "rashness" by Republicans. This endeavor reflected his struggle to make sense of the political direction of the nation in times he could neither comprehend nor accept. Jefferson continued to engage in scientific pursuits and fulfill his role as a promoter of American science and learning. He was reelected to the presidency of the American Philosophical Society, to which he presented his paper on the moldboard plow. He corresponded on American Indian languages, astronomy, and the Anglo-Saxon language. He longed for Monticello, and, as Jefferson had learned before, his property fell into neglect when he was away on public business. Renovations to the house slowed,supplies for the nailery were disrupted, and he had to arrange for the sale of his crops through intermediaries. With the prices of wheat low, he was drawn back into financial dependence on tobacco.

Two hundred and eleven years ago, Congress proposed and the states ratified the Bill of Rights. Since that time, these rights have been challenged over and over again. The Alien and Sedition Acts, the Civil War, the Red Scares during both World Wars, the Cold War and its permanent crisis mentality, the Vietnam era and its civil unrest, and now the War on Terrorism-all are points along a line of contested history and conflict. Each of these crises generated stresses and strains for our constitutional guarantees of civil rights and liberties. This book looks at the War on Terrorism and the campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq through the lenses of constitutional law and American politics. A remarkably cohesive set of essays by leading legal scholars brings these challenges into sharp focus, offering a unique perspective on executive power, the rule of law, and the delicate balance between rights, liberties, and threats.

Alien and Sedition Acts - The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed during the administration of President John Adams; his signature made it into law on July 14, 1798. They were designed to protect the United States from "dangerous" aliens.

Alien Act 1705 - For the US Alien Act of 1798, see Alien and Sedition Acts.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were important political statements in favor of state's rights written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1798. They were passed by the two states in opposition to the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.

Sedition - Sedition refers to a legal designation of non-overt conduct that is deemed by a legal authority as being acts of treason, and hence deserving of legal punishment.

alienandseditionacts

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